Criminology dissertation literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminology dissertation - Literature review Example Furthermore, it has also been stated that during the criminal treatment, the rape victims are often prejudged and ill-treated. The research of Fawcett Society (2007) stated that in the UK, at least 47,000 adult females are raped every year and according to public approach towards female rape victims, 34% of public consider that the victims are partially or completely liable for being raped as they behaved in flirtatious manner. In a society, it is usually accepted that public have a tendency to perceive victim of rape in somewhat negative manner. People basically observe world as just a place where misfortune happens only to those who earn them. This statement reflects that in several rape circumstances, the incidence is described by considering the situation where victim should have done something in order to evade being victimised. Several researchers have identified that in rape case, victims are regarded as sole initiator of their victimisation (Hart & et. al., 2007). According to Wolfgang (1958), victims’ direct and instantaneous action often leads to misfortune. In rape based action, several authors disputed that victim’s characteristic matter more in comparison to their activities. According to Frederick (1987), factors such as victim’s class, background, image of decency and physical appeal have certain impact on crime liability. Workman & Freeburg (1999) also stated that femal e victim’s physical attractiveness, sexual appetites, degree of intemperance and dress pattern can influence negative ascription in female victimisation. Belknap (1996) noted that the institutional beliefs in gender role stereotyping influence the rape case proceedings in present century. Literally, a woman who appealed to be a victim of rape is treated with doubt. Any past sexual activity on her side is believed to weaken the truth of her claim and as practical matter reduce her right to control the characteristics of her sexual

Safety Operations Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Safety Operations Plan - Essay Example Our mission statement is "Your Safety is our First Priority. Certain principles form the core expectations of the Georgetown ATV company. The employees are expected to adhere to these principles to uphold quality standards provided by the company. These principles include: The overall aspiration for the company is to ensure safety for the customers while on the track and to get value for their money. Safety for all customers will encompass orientation on the track, checking gear and re-training our staff to maintain the international standards set for this sport. This will ensure that the customer is learning and having fun at the same time. The young will be trained on how to command a vehicle at an early age. The company’s target audience is young people between the 15 to 30 years of age. The company is hoping to nurture young talent in the sport. Our hope is that some of the riders could turn professional as we have qualified, experienced trainers and a state of the art equipment to realize this. However, it is paramount that safety is ensured at this stage. Therefore, our objectives will center on ensuring that the riders respect the rules and regulations set by the Georgetown AVG company. The core objectives will be: The company foresees the customer market for the ATV or off-road industry growing significantly in the coming years. Previously, this sport was for experts, but ordinary people are warming up to it because of the thrill and great discipline it nurtures .Many are new to the sport and therefore the Georgetown ATV company hopes to embrace the aspiring talent and lead them to greater heights as far as racing is concerned. Having trained these young generations of riders, the company hopes to sign them on in deals that will provide opportunities to compete with others in this sport. Therefore, in order for the company to gauge its success we will have in house tournaments and meets with other companies. The races should record no to

Financial Econometrics Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Econometrics Coursework - Essay Example In 2003, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) mentioned that the R-square of the regression analysis was insufficient to determine the effectiveness of hedging. In a speech by a professional accounting fellow from the office of the chief accountant of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, stated that determination of hedge effectiveness should consider the slope of the coefficient of the regression analysis. This coefficient reflects the minimum variance hedge ratio.1 The interpretation of the regression slope coefficient is the average change in the dependent variable: real total expenditure on food for a unit increase in the independent variable: Real total expenditure on goods and services. The slope coefficient it 0.32, thus for every 1 unit change in real total expenditure on goods and services, there is a 0.32 unit change in real expenditure on food. Omission of an important independent variable such as real price of food relative to other goods will result in the decreased ability of the model to predict the real total expenditures on food given the real total expenditures on food. The independent variables used to predict 99.9% of the dependent variable: real consumption expenditure as indicated by the value of the adjusted-R Squared. The Durbin-Watson value of 1.85 indicates there is no signs of first-order serial correlation in the residuals of a time series regression. The values of Akaike info criterion (AIC) -268.2093 and Schwarz criterion -273.6530 are extremely low indicating the need for modification in the regression model by changing the independent variables. The t-statistic value could be compared with the critical t-value which is not available. The reported Probability is the p-value, or marginal significance level. Since this probability value of the regression analysis (F-statistic) is less than the size of the test, say 0.05, the null hypothesis could be rejected. This indicates that the

Acceptance in Business Contracts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Acceptance in Business Contracts - Assignment Example In business, contracts are considered to be quite vital as to preserve transparency in business dealings and also to bind the parties engaged in a legal contract to perform their responsibilities with efficiency. There are various elements to a business contract, which mainly involves an offer, an acceptance, a free mutual consent, a legal purpose, competent offeror(s) and offeree(s) and consideration of a value engaged in the contract to benefit the purpose of the contract (Marsh Parlin Law, 2012). The discussion henceforth will be focused on elaborating the element of acceptance in a business contract. Accordingly, the important factors of making a valid acceptance will also be explained in this paper. Due significance will also be rendered towards cases where the validity of an acceptance made in a contract were examined. Prior to discussing the significance of acceptance in a business contract, it is worth defining an offeror and an offeree. As per the English Contract Law, there must be at least two parties in an agreement, i.e. the party making the offer and the other accepting the offer. The party or parties engaged in making the offer are referred as offeror(s); while, the party or parties giving their mutual consent to the agreement is termed as offeree(s) or acceptor(s) (McGraw-Hill, 2013). It is in this context that even if the agreement is made on the basis of a valid offer, in case the acceptance is made under external pressure and is found to lack free consent from the offeree(s), the contract is quite likely to be termed as void. Therefore, it can be affirmed that it is essential to have a valid offer and a valid acceptance to make a contract legally approved. Absence of either of the elements shall result in a void contract. From a generalised perspective, acceptance can be referred as the act of free affirmation or acceptance made by the offeree(s) in lieu to the proposal given by the offeror(s). In other words, it is the manifestation of the full concern made by the offeree to be bound by the terms of the offer made. It is in this context that acceptance can be made through various forms, i.e. either through verbal agreement with documented acceptance of the offer, or through implied and non-verbal forms, making signs to convey the acceptance of the offer. In the case of a verbal acceptance, the offeree tends to depict his confirmation through a signature or through explicit verbal mode. Such mode of acceptance can be illustratively expla ined with reference to Brogden v Metropolitan Railway (1877) 2 App. Cas. 666. In this case, however, no signature or direct acceptance was made by the offeree (Brogden) to confirm the contractual conditions stated by the offeror (Metropolitan Railway). Correspondingly, no arguments were also made by the offeree in this context, deciphering their non-acceptance to the contract. Rather, the offeree continued abiding by the contractual terms, even though the contract did not have an explicitly communicated form of acceptance. When the case was reviewed in the court, the judgment delivered was of the view that the contract was a valid business agreement, as the offeree has deciphered acceptance by not making any counter arguments to the written contract forwarded by Metropolitan Railway (e-Lawresources, n.d.). In another case of Day Morris Associates v Voyce and another, a similar mode of acceptanc

Discuss critically the idea of popular art in Africa Essay

Discuss critically the idea of popular art in Africa - Essay Example among artists who had come through the Fine Art departments of West African universities, and who sometimes began to write or speak as if we should thus omit these forms of practice from consideration as ‘art.’ Susan Vogel’s 1991 Africa Explores was criticised in precisely this way, for placing artists who were in some sense part of an international art world in the same space with sign painters. Indeed, one might have all sorts of reasons for being critical of it, but one achievement of Africa Explores was to show that the diverse forms comprising the category ‘popular’ had little or nothing in common, other than their location in a largely urban environment; and yet, in practice, printmaking, sign painting, photography, masquerade, textile design, etc, may well subsist as parts of a common set of visual environments; and yet, while possibly functionally inter-related within local art worlds at some level ,for example one medium as source material fo r another, each will have its own developmental trajectory. In this essay I will discuss the idea of ‘popular’ art in Africa. I will first focus on popular arts in West Africa then I will move onto the popular arts in Central Africa. Following this, I will discuss Primitivism and the Magiciens De La Terre event in 1989 and lastly, conclude that popular art are also much more than constellations of social, political, and economic relationships — they are expressive acts. Their most important attribute is their power to communicate. African art takes many forms and is made from many different materials. Jewellery is a popular art form and is used to indicate rank, affiliation with a group, or purely for aesthetics. African jewellery is made from such diverse materials as Tigers eye stone, haematite, sisal, coconut shell, beads and ebony wood. Sculptures can be wooden, ceramic or carved out of stone like the famous Shona sculptures and decorated or sculpted pottery comes from many regions. Various forms

Impact and Research Findings Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impact and Research Findings - Assignment Example Automated processes would also eliminate or reduce product defects, which would save the company money and improve the production process. Automation would ensure that all processes are conducted effortlessly and that they would run the same way each time they are conducted. No human errors would be allowed. As a result, there would be fewer errors made and errors may not just be defects, but can be about erring that can affect the production process as a whole (Benhabib, 2003). Automation would eliminate or reduce monotony. As humans, it is normal to get bored, especially where repetitive tasks are involved. Monotony slows down performance and increases the chances of defects occurring. There is no monotony in automated processes, no matter the frequency, so productivity is not affected. Processes are conducted at the same speed each time. Automation would help the company comply with internal or external requirements, e.g. statutory requirements, and facilitate cost savings by redu cing the training of required staff. Without automation a lot of time would have been required to train staff to perform even the most repetitive of duties, especially if the duties required a high degree of precision/accuracy. With automation, however, far less training would be required, so overheads would be significantly reduced. Automation would make auditing the company a simple task in itself, so less time would be required to analyze and evaluate processes and the production process as a whole. Due to their high degree of flexibility, automated processes would make the company flexible as well. It would be easier to make changes, or at least much easier than it would be to revise tasks that involve only humans. This level of flexibility would be vital if changes are needed at short notice. The fact that defects would be reduced would mean that customer satisfaction is ensured to a high degree. Therefore, while

K-12 national Education Technology Standards for teachers Essay

K-12 national Education Technology Standards for teachers - Essay Example Further they must become aware of the dangers of misusing these tools whether it is for publication purposes or for depending wholeheartedly on the accuracy and possible bias of electronic sources. Technologies available to teachers in K-12 education According to Hannafin and Vermillion (2008) the technologies that are available to teachers to facilitate teaching, learning and communications include ‘educational (nonadministrative) uses of computers, peripherals, curriculum and productivity software, personal digital assistants (PDAs and other wireless devices, as well as all Internet-enabled applications (e.g., e-mail, Web sites, Webquests, wikis, Massively Multi User Virtual Environments (MMUVEs), vidcasts, Web conferencing, online discussion boards, simulations, course management systems, games, simulations, podcasts, blogs, digital storytelling).’ Computers through the use of the Word processor for writing or Excel for Mathematics can be used to enhance reading and w riting, personal digital assistants which offer audio recording, the various Internet applications, and software has been created for almost every imaginable curriculum content therefore they should be available to teachers.